How To Convert Numbers To Words In Excel
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Converting Numbers to Words in Excel
Excel, primarily a spreadsheet program, doesn’t inherently possess a built-in function to directly convert numbers into their textual representation (e.g., converting “123” to “One Hundred and Twenty-Three”). However, through a combination of VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) code and a bit of ingenuity, you can easily add this functionality to your Excel worksheets. This document will guide you through the process of creating a custom function that achieves this.
Why Convert Numbers to Words?
Converting numerical values to words can be incredibly useful in several scenarios, including:
* **Financial Documents:** Generating checks, invoices, or legal documents where the amount needs to be represented in both numerical and textual forms for clarity and legal purposes. * **Reporting:** Creating reports where a written description of a numerical value enhances readability and comprehension, especially for large numbers. * **Data Validation:** Ensuring data integrity by having a verbal representation of a number alongside its numerical form. * **Custom Applications:** Building Excel-based applications that require a natural language representation of numerical data.
Creating the VBA Function
The heart of the number-to-words conversion lies in VBA. Follow these steps to create your custom function:
- Open the VBA Editor:
- Press
Alt + F11
on your keyboard to open the Visual Basic Editor (VBE).
- Press
- Insert a New Module:
- In the VBE window, go to
Insert
>Module
. This will create a new module where you’ll write the VBA code.
- In the VBE window, go to
- Paste the VBA Code:
- Copy and paste the following VBA code into the newly created module:
Function NumberToWords(ByVal MyNumber As Double) As String Dim DecimalPlace, Count Dim Dollars, Cents Dim MyOut As String ' Convert MyNumber to a string MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber)) ' Separate dollars and cents DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".") If DecimalPlace > 0 Then Dollars = Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1) Cents = Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) Else Dollars = MyNumber Cents = "" End If ' Convert dollars Count = 1 Do While Len(Dollars) > 0 Select Case Count Case 1: 'Ones Place MyOut = ConvertHundreds(Val(Right(Dollars, 3))) & MyOut Case 2: 'Thousands Place MyOut = ConvertHundreds(Val(Right(Dollars, 3))) & " Thousand " & MyOut Case 3: 'Millions Place MyOut = ConvertHundreds(Val(Right(Dollars, 3))) & " Million " & MyOut Case 4: 'Billions Place MyOut = ConvertHundreds(Val(Right(Dollars, 3))) & " Billion " & MyOut End Select If Len(Dollars) > 3 Then Dollars = Left(Dollars, Len(Dollars) - 3) Else Dollars = "" End If Count = Count + 1 Loop ' Handle the cents If Trim(Cents) <> "" Then MyOut = MyOut & " and " & ConvertTens(Cents) & " Cents" Else MyOut = MyOut & " Dollars" End If NumberToWords = Trim(MyOut) End Function Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber As Integer) As String Dim Result As String Dim Hundreds As Integer Dim Tens As Integer Dim Ones As Integer ' Check if the number is zero If MyNumber = 0 Then ConvertHundreds = "" Exit Function End If Hundreds = Int(MyNumber / 100) Tens = Int((MyNumber Mod 100) / 10) Ones = MyNumber Mod 10 If Hundreds > 0 Then Result = ConvertOnes(Hundreds) & " Hundred " End If If Tens >= 2 Then Result = Result & ConvertTens(Tens & Ones) ElseIf Tens = 1 Then Result = Result & ConvertTeens(Ones) ElseIf Ones > 0 Then Result = Result & ConvertOnes(Ones) End If ConvertHundreds = Result End Function Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyNumber As String) As String Select Case MyNumber Case "20": ConvertTens = "Twenty" Case "30": ConvertTens = "Thirty" Case "40": ConvertTens = "Forty" Case "50": ConvertTens = "Fifty" Case "60": ConvertTens = "Sixty" Case "70": ConvertTens = "Seventy" Case "80": ConvertTens = "Eighty" Case "90": ConvertTens = "Ninety" Case Else: ConvertTens = ConvertOnes(Right(MyNumber, 1)) If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "2" Then ConvertTens = "Twenty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "3" Then ConvertTens = "Thirty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "4" Then ConvertTens = "Forty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "5" Then ConvertTens = "Fifty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "6" Then ConvertTens = "Sixty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "7" Then ConvertTens = "Seventy-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "8" Then ConvertTens = "Eighty-" & ConvertTens If Left(MyNumber, 1) = "9" Then ConvertTens = "Ninety-" & ConvertTens End Select End Function Function ConvertTeens(ByVal MyNumber As Integer) As String Select Case MyNumber Case 0: ConvertTeens = "Ten" Case 1: ConvertTeens = "Eleven" Case 2: ConvertTeens = "Twelve" Case 3: ConvertTeens = "Thirteen" Case 4: ConvertTeens = "Fourteen" Case 5: ConvertTeens = "Fifteen" Case 6: ConvertTeens = "Sixteen" Case 7: ConvertTeens = "Seventeen" Case 8: ConvertTeens = "Eighteen" Case 9: ConvertTeens = "Nineteen" End Select End Function Function ConvertOnes(ByVal MyNumber As Integer) As String Select Case MyNumber Case 1: ConvertOnes = "One" Case 2: ConvertOnes = "Two" Case 3: ConvertOnes = "Three" Case 4: ConvertOnes = "Four" Case 5: ConvertOnes = "Five" Case 6: ConvertOnes = "Six" Case 7: ConvertOnes = "Seven" Case 8: ConvertOnes = "Eight" Case 9: ConvertOnes = "Nine" End Select End Function
- Close the VBA Editor:
- Close the VBE window to return to your Excel worksheet.
Using the Custom Function
Now that you’ve created the NumberToWords
function, you can use it in your Excel worksheet just like any other built-in function:
- Select a Cell:
- Choose the cell where you want the word representation of the number to appear.
- Enter the Formula:
- Type
=NumberToWords(A1)
(replaceA1
with the cell containing the number you want to convert).
- Type
- Press Enter:
- Press the
Enter
key to execute the formula. The cell will now display the textual representation of the number in cellA1
.
- Press the
Explanation of the Code
The VBA code is organized into several functions that work together:
NumberToWords(MyNumber As Double) As String
: This is the main function that you call from your Excel worksheet. It takes a number as input and returns its textual representation as a string. It handles splitting the number into dollars and cents, and it iterates through the number in groups of three digits (hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.).ConvertHundreds(MyNumber As Integer) As String
: This function converts a three-digit number (e.g., 123) into its textual representation. It calls theConvertTens
andConvertOnes
functions to handle the tens and ones places.ConvertTens(MyNumber As String) As String
: This function converts the tens place (e.g., 20, 30, 40) into its textual representation (Twenty, Thirty, Forty). It also handles the case where there’s a number in the ones place (e.g. 2-1, 3-5) by concatenating the result ofConvertOnes
.ConvertTeens(MyNumber As Integer) As String
: This function handles the special case of numbers between 10 and 19 (e.g., 10, 11, 12, …, 19).ConvertOnes(MyNumber As Integer) As String
: This function converts a single-digit number (e.g., 1, 2, 3, …, 9) into its textual representation (One, Two, Three, …, Nine).
Important Considerations
- Enable Macros: Excel might prompt you to enable macros when you open the workbook. You need to enable macros for the custom function to work.
- Saving the Workbook: Save the Excel workbook as a macro-enabled workbook (
.xlsm
) to preserve the VBA code. - Limitations: The provided code may have limitations in handling extremely large numbers or specific regional variations in number formatting. You might need to modify the code to accommodate these scenarios.
- Error Handling: While this code provides a functional base, adding robust error handling (e.g., checking for invalid input types) can improve its reliability.
By following these steps, you can seamlessly integrate a number-to-words conversion function into your Excel workflow, enhancing the clarity and professionalism of your documents and reports.
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